Espresso 自动化测试框架介绍

Espress介绍
google Espresso官方地址

github相关源码排行

谷歌13年的时候开源了espress,谷歌的思路是,等到它足够成熟和稳定以后,将其迁移到Android SDK中,以此可见对他的重视。Google使用Espresso测试了他们自己的超过30个应用程序,包括G+、Maps和Drive。下面对Espresso做一个基本介绍

Espresso测试是非常容易实现的,它由三部分组成:

ViewMachers:寻找用来测试的View。

ViewActions:发送交互事件。

ViewAssertions:检验测试结果。

用法
先直接放用法,以下用例的执行效果是直接打开MainActivity,执行showMain中的用例

onView(ViewMachers)

.preform(ViewActions)

.check(ViewAssertions)

@Rule

public IntentsTestRule mainActivityIntentsTestRule = new IntentsTestRule(MainActivity.class);

@Test

public void showMain(){

//是否选中

onView(withId(R.id.tv_username)).check(matches(isDisplayed()));

//测试点击

onView(withId(R.id.tv_username)).perform(click());

//根据文本内容匹配

String username =”HELLO Brian123!”;

onView(withId(R.id.tv_username)).check(matches(withText(username)));

}
Espresso 备忘录
方便你在开发过程中快速查阅。它包含了大部分可用的​Matchers​,​ViewActions​, 和​ViewAssertions​。pdf 格式的离线版本在此:espersso-cheat-sheet-2.1.0.pdf

搭建步骤
项目目录/build.gradle中的ext版本号:

// Define versions in a single place

ext {

// Sdk and tools

minSdkVersion =15

targetSdkVersion =22

compileSdkVersion =23

buildToolsVersion =’23.0.3’

//app Code

versionCode =1

versionName =”1.0”

// App dependencies

supportLibraryVersion =’23.4.0’

junitVersion =’4.12’

mockitoVersion =’1.10.19’

powerMockito =’1.6.2’

hamcrestVersion =’1.3’

runnerVersion =’0.4.1’

rulesVersion =’0.4.1’

espressoVersion =’2.2.1’

}
然后在android studio的项目目录下/app/build.gradle中配置

testCompile”junit:junit:$rootProject.ext.junitVersion”

androidTestCompile”junit:junit:$rootProject.ext.junitVersion”
// Android Testing Support Library’s runner and rules

androidTestCompile”com.android.support.test:runner:$rootProject.ext.runnerVersion”

androidTestCompile”com.android.support.test:rules:$rootProject.ext.runnerVersion”

// Resolve conflicts between main and test APK:

androidTestCompile”com.android.support:support-annotations:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion”

androidTestCompile”com.android.support:support-v4:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion”

androidTestCompile”com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:$rootProject.supportLibraryVersion”
// Espresso UI Testing

androidTestCompile”com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:$rootProject.espressoVersion”

androidTestCompile (“com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:$rootProject.espressoVersion”)

androidTestCompile”com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-intents:$rootProject.espressoVersion”

compile”com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-idling-resource:$rootProject.espressoVersion”

// Android Testing Support Library’s runner and rules

androidTestCompile”com.android.support.test:runner:$rootProject.ext.runnerVersion”

androidTestCompile”com.android.support.test:rules:$rootProject.ext.runnerVersion”
Espresso和UIAutomator的区别
Espresso是个功能强大、效率很高的Android自动化测试框架,但是他有一个重要的局限,你只能在被测试app的Context中操作。

所以应用的推送、从另一个应用程序进入、处理通知栏消息等功能无法在Espresso中使用,需要混合UIAutomator使用

其他资料参考

http://www.jianshu.com/p/ef4ad5424784 官方文档翻译

http://www.w2bc.com/article/40324?from=extend

http://axiu.me/coding/espresso-introduction/

https://github.com/googlesamples/android-testing 谷歌自动化测试demo